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Virtual reality therapy
Virtual reality therapy (VRT), also known as virtual reality immersion therapy (VRIT), simulation for therapy (SFT), virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virtual-Reality Therapy )〕 and as computerized CBT (CCBT), is a method of psychotherapy that uses virtual reality technology to treat patients with anxiety disorders and phobias where it has proven very effective.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virtual therapy )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Curing the Wounds of Iraq with Virtual Therapy )〕 It is now one of the primary treatments for PTSD.〔 New technology also allows for the treatment of addictions and other conditions including those caused by lesions.(Lamson, ext. ref. 2, pp. 108–111)
==Description==
Virtual reality therapy (VRT) uses specially programmed computers, visual immersion devices and artificially created environments to give the patient a simulated experience〔http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123145910〕 that can be used to diagnose and treat psychological conditions that cause patients difficulty. In many environmental phobias, reaction to the perceived hazards, such as heights, speaking in public, flying, close spaces, and the like are usually triggered by visual and auditory stimuli. In VR-based therapies, the virtual world is a means of providing artificial, controlled stimuli in the context of treatment, and with a therapist able to monitor the patient's reaction. Unlike traditional cognitive behavior therapy, VR-based treatment may involve adjusting the virtual environment, such as for example adding controlled intensity smells or adding and adjusting vibrations, and allow the clinician to determine the triggers and triggering levels for each patient's reaction. VR-based therapy systems may allow replaying virtual scenes, with or without adjustment, to habituate the patient to such environments. Therapists who apply virtual reality exposure therapy, just as those who apply in-vivo exposure therapy, can take one of two approaches concerning the intensity of exposure. The first approach is called flooding. Flooding, just as it sounds, refers to the most intense approach where stimuli that produce the most anxiety are presented first. For soldiers who have developed PTSD from combat, this could mean first exposing them to a virtual reality scene of their fellow troops being shot or injured followed by less stressful stimuli such as only the sounds of war. On the other hand, what is referred to as graded-exposure takes a more relaxed approach in which the least distressing stimuli are introduced first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders )〕 VR-exposure, as compared to in-vivo exposure has the advantage of providing the patient a vivid experience, without the associated risks or costs. VRT has great promise since it historically produces a "cure" about 90% of the time at about half the cost of traditional cognitive behavior therapy , and is especially promising as a treatment for PTSD〔http://www.vawatchdog.org/08/nf08/nfMAY08/nf050808-7.htm〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UH virtual reality program treats vets' mental health problems )〕 where there are simply not enough psychologists and psychiatrists to treat all the veterans with anxiety disorders diagnosed as related to their military service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=VA sees shortfall of mental health specialists )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mental health care lags at VA hospitals – USATODAY.com )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Veterans' mental health treatment not as timely as contended )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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